Sodium alginate coating simultaneously increases the biosafety and immunotherapeutic activity of the cationic mRNA nanovaccine

The extraordinary advantages associated with mRNA vaccines, including their high efficiency, relatively low severity of side effects, and ease of manufacture, have enabled them to be a promising immunotherapy approach against various infectious diseases and cancers. Nevertheless, most mRNA delivery carriers have many disadvantages, such as high toxicity, poor biocompatibility, and low efficiency in vivo, which have hindered the widespread use of mRNA vaccines. To further characterize and solve these problems and develop a new type of safe and efficient mRNA delivery carrier, a negatively charged SA@DOTAP-mRNA nanovaccine was prepared in this study by coating DOTAP-mRNA with the natural anionic polymer sodium alginate (SA). Intriguingly, the transfection efficiency of SA@DOTAP-mRNA was significantly higher than that of DOTAP-mRNA, which was not due to the increase in cellular uptake but was associated with changes in the endocytosis pathway and the strong lysosome escape ability of SA@DOTAP-mRNA. In addition, we found that SA significantly increased the expression of LUC-mRNA in mice and achieved certain spleen targeting. Finally, we confirmed that SA@DOTAP-mRNA had a stronger antigen-presenting ability in E. G7-OVA tumor-bearing mice, dramatically inducing the proliferation of OVA-specific CLTs and ameliorating the antitumor effect. Therefore, we firmly believe that the coating strategy applied to cationic liposome/mRNA complexes is of potential research value in the field of mRNA delivery and has promising clinical application prospects.

A molecular brake that modulates spliceosome pausing at detained introns contributes to neurodegeneration

Emerging evidence suggests that intron-detaining transcripts (IDTs) are a nucleus-detained and polyadenylated mRNA pool for cell to quickly and effectively respond to environmental stimuli and stress. However, the underlying mechanisms of detained intron (DI) splicing are still largely unknown. Here, we suggest that post-transcriptional DI splicing is paused at the Bact state, an active spliceosome but not catalytically primed, which depends on Smad Nuclear Interacting Protein 1 (SNIP1) and RNPS1 (a serine-rich RNA binding protein) interaction. RNPS1 and Bact components preferentially dock at DIs and the RNPS1 docking is sufficient to trigger spliceosome pausing. Haploinsufficiency of Snip1 attenuates neurodegeneration and globally rescues IDT accumulation caused by a previously reported mutant U2 snRNA, a basal spliceosomal component. Snip1 conditional knockout in the cerebellum decreases DI splicing efficiency and causes neurodegeneration. Therefore, we suggest that SNIP1 and RNPS1 form a molecular brake to promote spliceosome pausing, and that its misregulation contributes to neurodegeneration.

ChatGPT for shaping the future of dentistry: the potential of multi-modal large language model / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The ChatGPT, a lite and conversational variant of Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) developed by OpenAI, is one of the milestone Large Language Models (LLMs) with billions of parameters. LLMs have stirred up much interest among researchers and practitioners in their impressive skills in natural language processing tasks, which profoundly impact various fields. This paper mainly discusses the future applications of LLMs in dentistry. We introduce two primary LLM deployment methods in dentistry, including automated dental diagnosis and cross-modal dental diagnosis, and examine their potential applications. Especially, equipped with a cross-modal encoder, a single LLM can manage multi-source data and conduct advanced natural language reasoning to perform complex clinical operations. We also present cases to demonstrate the potential of a fully automatic Multi-Modal LLM AI system for dentistry clinical application. While LLMs offer significant potential benefits, the challenges, such as data privacy, data quality, and model bias, need further study. Overall, LLMs have the potential to revolutionize dental diagnosis and treatment, which indicates a promising avenue for clinical application and research in dentistry.

Effectiveness of iliac cancellous bone grafting in alveolar cleft repair and analysis of factors affecting it / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To review the effectiveness of secondary alveolar bone grafting using iliac cancellous bone in patients with unilateral complete alveolar cleft and to investigate the factors influencing it.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study of 160 patients with unilateral complete alveolar clefts who underwent iliac cancellous bone graft repair at the Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, was conducted. Eighty patients in the young age group (6-12 years) and 80 in the old age group (≥13 years) were included. Bone bridge formation was determined using Mimics software, and the volume was measured to calculate the iliac implantation rate, residual bone filling rate, and resorption rate. The factors that affected bone grafting in both subgroups were investigated.@*RESULTS@#Using bone bridge formation as the clinical success criterion, the success rate for the entire population was 71.25%, with a significant difference of 78.75% and 63.75% for the young and old age groups, respectively (P=0.036). The gap volume in the latter was significantly larger than that in the former (P<0.001). The factors that influenced bone grafting in the young group were the palatal bone wall (P=0.006) and history of cleft palate surgery (P=0.012), but only the palatal bone wall affected the outcome in the old age group (P=0.036).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results of alveolar bone grafting for the old age group were worse than those for the young age group. The palatal bone wall was an important factor that affected alveolar bone grafting, and alveolar bone grafting in the young patients was influenced by the history of cleft palate surgery.

The observation on the effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with suspension exercise training for the patients with cerebral infarction and lower limb hemiplegia / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To explore the curative effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with suspension exercise training for the patients with cerebral infarction combined and lower limb hemiplegia.Methods:According to random number table method, 94 patients with cerebral infarction and lower limb hemiplegia meeting the inclusion criteria were divided into the control group and the observation group between January 2017 and February 2021, 47 in each group. The control group was treated with suspension exercise training, while observation group was additionally treated with Buyang Huanwu Decoction on the basis of the control group treatment. All were treated for 6 weeks and then followed up for 3 months. Before and after treatment, the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes scores were recorded. The severity of nerve function injury was evaluated by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The lower limb function was evaluated by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA). The balance function was evaluated by Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The activities of daily life were assessed by Barthel Index (BI). The whole blood high shear viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit were detected by full-automatic hemorheology analyzer. The levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected by full-automatic analyzer. All were followed up for 3 months. The prognosis of patients was assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS). The adverse reactions during treatment were recorded.Results:After treatment, scores of TCM syndromes and NIHSS in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=5.35, 4.54, P<0.01), while scores of FMA, BBS and BI were significantly higher than those in control group ( t=3.40, 3.10, 7.57, P<0.01). The whole blood high-shear viscosity, plasma viscosity and hematocrit in observation group were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=2.94, 3.81, 4.23, P<0.05 or P<0.01), and levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were significantly lower than those in control group ( t=4.10, 4.27, 3.61, P<0.01). The differences in good prognosis rate between observation group and control group were statistically significant [74.47% (35/47) vs. 51.06% (24/47); χ2=5.51, P=0.019]. Conclusion:The Buyang Huanwu Decoction combined with suspension exercise training can relieve clinical symptoms, recover lower limb function, improve activities of daily life and prognosis in cerebral infarction combined with lower limb hemiplegia.

Research progress of respiratory microecology and bronchopulmonary dysplasia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common respiratory disease in preterm infants.Infection, inflammation and oxidative stress are the main pathogenic mechanisms of BPD.Recent studies have shown that the colonization of pulmonary microorganisms begins from the perinatal period and dynamically changed by multiple factors.Respiratory microecology dysbiosis may trigger oxidative stress, inhibit the expression of miR-876-3p, change pulmonary metabolism and weaken local barrier function, thereby leading to the occurrence and progress of BPD.At the same time, abnormal pulmonary development and lung injury also exert impact on respiratory microecology, and the impact even lasts till adulthood.Probiotics have anti-inflammatory, anti-infection and antioxidant effects.Supplementation of probiotics may promote lung development and alleviate lung injury conditions by regulating respiratory microecology.In this article, the establishment and dynamic changes of neonatal respiratory microecology were elaborated, and the role of respiratory microecology in the pathogenesis, prevention and treatment of BPD was explored.

A new phloroglucinol from Dryopteris fragrans and its antibacterial activity in vitro / 中国中药杂志

A new phloroglucinol was isolated from 50% ethanol extract of Dryopteris fragrans by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography(TLC), and preparative liquid column chromatography. On the basis of MS, ~1H-NMR, ~(13)C-NMR, and reference materials, compound 1 was identified as 2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, 2-{[2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-3-methyl-5-(1-isobutyl)phenyl]methyl}-3,5-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethyl-6-(1-oxobutyl)(1), and named disaspidin BB. Compound 1 was evaluated for its antibacterial activity. The experimental results showed that compared with the commonly used topical antibiotics erythromycin or mupirocin, disaspidin BB exhibited significant antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus epidermidis(SEP), S. haemolyticus(SHA), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus(MRSA)(P<0.05). Additionally, disaspidin BB was sensitive to ceftazidime-resistant SEP1-SEP4, SHA5-SHA7, MRSA8, and MRSA9. The MIC values of disaspidin BB against SEP and SHA were 1.67-2.71 μg·mL~(-1) and 10.00-33.33 μg·mL~(-1) respectively. Disaspidin BB has good antibacterial activities and deserves development as a new anti-infective drug for external use.

Force balance reconstruction of orbicularis oris in correction of unilateral cleft lip deformity / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#Short-term outcome evaluation for the correction of unilateral cleft lip deformity with a new technique.@*METHODS@#Forty-four patients with unilateral cleft lip deformity were included in the study and in which the orbicularis oris muscle was reconstructed to achieve the optimal force balance of reconstructed orbicularis oris. The photometric two-dimensional indexes, including the philtrum oblique angle and asymmetry ratios (lip height, lip width, vertical distance from the white roll to the vermilion bottom at the Cupid's bow point, and vertical distance from the Cupid 's bow points to facial midline), were employed to measure and evaluate the outcome.@*RESULTS@#Several indexes showed statistically significant difference, and they included the philtrum oblique angle, asymmetry ratio of the lip height, and asymmetry ratio of the vertical distance from the white roll to the vermilion bottom at Cupid ' s bow points (@*CONCLUSIONS@#The results suggested that the new muscle reconstruction technique can significantly improve the short-term outcome of the correction of unilateral cleft lip deformity.

Metabonomics Study on the Effects of Secondary Components of Astragalus membranaceus Injection on Leuko- penia Model Mice / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study metabonomics of secondary components of Astragalus membranaceus injection on leukopenia model mice. METHODS ：The mice were divided into normal group ，model group ，A. membranaceus injection group （0.004 mL/g），secondary components low-dose ，medium-dose and high-dose groups （0.004，0.008，0.016 mL/g），with 7 mice in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were given cyclophosphamide （80 mg/kg） intraperitoneally to induce leukopenia model. After modeling ，administration groups were given relevant medicine intraperitoneally ，and normal group and model group were given constant volume of sterile water for injection intraperitoneally ，once a day ，for consecutive 7 days. During the experiment ，the changes of body weight of mice were measured every 2 days. After the last administration ，the blood routine indexes [white blood cell （WBC），neutrophil（NE），lymphocyte（LY）and monocyte （MO）counts] of mice were detected by animal blood analyzer. UPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS combined with multivariate statistical analysis were used to analyze the metabonomics of mice serum. RESULTS ：Compared with model group ，body weight of mice in the secondary component low-dose group increased significantly on the 4th and 8th day of administration （P＜0.05），and the counts of WBC ，NE，LY and MO in serum of mice in secondary component groups increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Metabonomic analysis showed that the secondary components of A. membranaceus injection could significantly regulate the contents of 8 endogenous metabolites in serum， including spermidine ， uric acid ， citric acid ， nicotinamide， eicosapentaenoic acid ， linoleic acid ， erucamide and sphingosine-1-phosphate. Their effects involved linoleic acid metabolism pathway ，nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway. CONCLUSIONS ：The secondary components of A. membranaceus injection possess the effect of increasing white blood cells in leukopenia model mice ，the mechanism of which may be related to intervention of linoleic acid metabolism pathway ， nicotinic acid and nicotinamide metabolism pathway ，and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway.

Association of body fat ratio with precocious puberty in girls / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the association of body fat ratio with precocious puberty in girls. Previous studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) is associated with the girls' age of puberty but have not revealed the association of body fat ratio with age of puberty.@*METHODS@#Based on the consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of central precocious puberty (CPP), 128 children with precocious puberty who were admitted to the hospital from July to August, 2017, were divided into a CPP group with 87 children and a peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) group with 41 children. A total of 51 girls without any puberty development signs were enrolled as the control group. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure the body fat ratios of upper limbs, legs, trunk, android area, gynoid area, and the whole body. The association between body fat ratios and precocious puberty was analyzed with reference to age, BMI, BMI-Z score, bone age, ovarian volume, and hormone levels.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the CPP and PPP groups had significantly higher body fat ratios of upper limbs, legs, trunk, android area, gynoid area, and the whole body, legs/whole body fat ratio, and (upper limbs+legs)/trunk fat ratio (P0.05). For the girls with precocious puberty, the high body fat ratio group had significantly higher luteinizing hormone (LH) base value, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-stimulated LH peak value, and LH/follicle-stimulating hormone peak value than the low body fat ratio group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, both the high body fat ratio and low body fat ratio groups had a significantly higher LH base value (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The increase in body fat may be a factor inducing precocious puberty in girls, but further studies are needed to determine the mechanism.

Positron emission computed tomography/single photon emission computed tomography in Parkinson disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder. Its main pathological mechanism is the selective degeneration and deletion of dopaminergic neurons in the dense part of the substantia nigra and the damage of dopaminergic neurons caused by the abnormal deposition of a Lewy body, leading to a decreased dopamine level. Positron emission computed tomography (PET)/single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is a molecular imaging technology that can directly or indirectly reflect changes in molecular levels by using a specific tracer. With the research and development on the tracers of related enzymes for labeling dopamine transporter and dopamine receptor and for being involved in dopamine formation, this imaging technology has been applied to all aspects of PD research. It not only contributes to clinical work but also provides an important theoretical basis for exploring the pathological mechanism of PD at a molecular level. Therefore, this review discusses the application value of PET/SPECT in PD in terms of early diagnosis, disease severity evaluation, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, and pathological mechanism.

Identification Study on Cryptotympana pustulata Ecdysis Based on 3D Depth of Field Synthesis Technology / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the rapid field identification method of Cryptotympana pustulata ecdysis. METHODS ： 3D depth of field synthesis technology was used to identify 50 batches of C. pustulata ecdysis and its adulterants from the length of beak ，size and protrusion degree of upper labial base ，the protrusion degree of the lower labial base ecdysis and the color of its upper transverse groove ，the number and shape of main and lateral spines on the foot ，significance of abdominal valves ，the number of webs ，the number and shape of side plates ，the number of tergum rings ，terminaliae，etc. RESULTS ：Among 50 batches of samples ，S1-S5，S26-S30，S36-S50 were C. pustulata ecdysis；S21-S25 was adulterants of C. pustulata ecdysis after weight gain ；S31-S35 was adulterants of C. pustulata ecdysis after extraction ；S6-S20 were ecdysis from Tibicen flammatus ，C. flammatta，Lyristes pekinensis ，all of which were adulterants. The main distinguishing feature of C. pustulata ecdysis and its adulterants was that abdomen and ventral surface of C. pustulata ecdysis were triangular ，and the abdomen and ventral surface of other species was nearly parallel ；the valve of C. flammatta ecdysis was obvious ，but those of other varieties were not obvious ；the lateral appearance of terminaliae of C. flammatta ecdysis was sharper than those of other species ；there was an acute angle between the front foot accessory thorns and the end thorns of the T. flammatus ecdysis，and an obtuse angle between the front foot accessory thorns and the end thorns of the L. pekinensis ecdysis. CONCLUSIONS ：The method is simple ，reliable and suitable for rapid field identification of C. pustulata ecdysis and its adulterants.

Effect of CO₂ fractional laser on the early control of scar post-secondary repair in patients with a cleft lip / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe and compare the clinical efficacy of CO₂ fractional laser in the early control of scar post-secondary repair in patients with a cleft lip.@*METHODS@#In the treatment group, 43 patients with secondary repair of cleft lip were treated via CO₂ fractional laser. The control group covered 70 patients post-cheiloplasty. The effect in the two groups after six months was compared. The duration from the beginning of the laser treatment to surgery and patient gender were analyzed to determine if they affected the efficacy of the laser treatment for scars.@*RESULTS@#1) The curative effect in the treatment group was better than that in the control group (P<0.000 1), the total effectiveness rate was 90.7% in the treatment group. 2) No significant statistical difference in efficacy was observed between men and women (P=0.487). Moreover, no significant statistical difference in efficacy (P=0.055) was observed among patients one year after surgery, within the duration of <3 months, and within the duration of ≥3 months.@*CONCLUSIONS@#CO₂ fractional laser had a definite effect on the treatment of scar post-secondary repair in patients with a cleft lip. No significant correlation was observed between treatment effect and patient gender, and no difference was noted among patients one year after surgery. In the beginning of the laser treatment, no difference was observed between the durations of <3 months and ≥3 months after the reconstruction, Therefore, early intervention of scars a year after secondary repair of a cleft lip can achieve good results.

Experiment and achievement of the unified payment platform in the reform of hospital mobile payment system / 中华医院管理杂志

With the development of smart phones, mobile payments have become increasingly popular in all areas of our daily life. Hospitals at large have introduced mobile payments to provide quality service to patients via online and offline means. However, popular use of mobile payments has also brought new challenges to hospitals in the areas of financial management and information management. In this regard, the authors introduced the measures taken by Stomatology Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, by means of building a unified payment system for refined management. These measures safeguard payment and financial data security while offering better patient medical experience.

Role of LncRNA TCONS_00003757 in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of LncRNA TCONS_00003757 in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) , and to explore the effect of LncRNA TCONS_00003757 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion in TPC-1 cells. Methods Sixty cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma specimens and paired normal tissues were collected after surgery from October 2017 to March 2018 in the Tangshan Workers Hospital. Real-time PCR analysis was used to examine the expression level of LncRNA TCONS_00003757 in PTC tissues, and the association of LncRNA TCONS_00003757 expression levels with the clinicopathological data of patients was analyzed. The effects of LncRNA TCONS_00003757 and ST3GAL5 silencing on the proliferation, migration, and invasion in TPC-1 cells were assessed by MTT, scratch test, and transwell assay. Protein expression of ST3GAL5 was detected by Western blot after LncRNA TCONS_00003757 silencing. Results LncRNA TCONS_00003757 expression was increased in PTC tissues compared with that in normal tissues ( P<0. 05 ) , which was correlated with capsule invasion and lymph node metastasis( P<0.05) . LncRNA TCONS_00003757 expression in TPC-1 cells was higher than that in normal thyroid follicular epithelial Nthy-ori 3-1 cells(P<0.05). LncRNA TCONS_00003757 and ST3GAL5 silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid cancer TPC-1 cells, and ST3GAL5 expression was decreased after LncRNA TCONS_00003757 silencing (P<0.05). Conclusion LncRNA TCONS_00003757 expression in PTC is significantly increased and correlated with its occurrence and development. Silencing LncRNA TCONS_00003757 may inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of thyroid papillary cancer cells via decreasing ST3GAL5 expression.

Diagnostic value of thyroid ultrasound and thyroid function in elderly patients with thyroid nodules / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of thyroid ultrasonography and thyroid function in elderly patients with thyroid nodules.Methods Clinical data of 190 elderly patients with thyroid nodules admitted into our hospital from July 2017 to June 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent examinations of thyroid function,thyroid ultrasound and postoperative histology.The diagnostic value of thyroid function and thyroid ultrasound was analyzed.Results Of the 190 cases,161 cases were diagnosed with benign thyroid nodules and 29 cases with malignant nodules by histological examination after thyroidectomy.Patients with benign thyroid nodules had slightly higher levels of thyroxine(TT4),triiodothyronine(TT3)and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)than patients with malignant nodules,but the differences were not statistically significant(84.32±56.31 mmol/L vs.82.66±53.05 mmol/L,2.05±0.75 mmol/L vs.1.98±0.57 mmol/L,2.32±3.20 mmol/L vs.1.97±0.90 mmol/L,t =0.171,0.554 and 0.677,P=0.432,0.290 and 0.249,respectively).There were 45 cases(27.9％),68 cases (42.2％) and 48 cases(29.8％) of benign thyroid nodules and 3 cases (10.3％),20 cases (68.9％) and 6 cases (20.7％) of thyroid malignancies in patients with TSH levels lower than 1.00 mmol/L,between 1.00 and 4.00 mmol/L and higher than 4.00 mmol/L,respectively,indicating the proportion of patients with TSH levels between 1.00 and 4.00 mmol/L was higher in malignant patients than in benign patients(x2 =7.899,P=0.005),but the incidence of malignant thyroid nodules was not higher with increased TSH levels.Patients with malignant nodules were more likely to show unclear boundaries,irregular morphology,microcalcifications,hypoechoicity or type Ⅲ vascular pattern on ultrasound than patients with benign nodules(x2 =6.385,15.525,4.062,4.062 and 4.487,P=0.012,0.000,0.044,0.044 and 0.034,respectively).Conclusions Thyroid nodules are mostly benign in the elderly.The malignant rate of thyroid nodules does not increase along with the TSH level.Thyroid nodules with unclear boundaries,irregular shapes,microcalcifications,hypoechoicity or type Ⅲ vascular pattern on ultrasound have a higher possibility of malignant transformation.

Prevalence and associated factors of intra-articular lesions in acute ankle fractures evaluated by arthroscopy and clinical outcomes with minimum 24-month follow-up / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Background@#Acute ankle fractures can lead to high rate of concomitant intra-articular lesions which may compromise clinical results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Prevalence of concomitant intra-articular lesions in acute ankle fractures with arthroscopy. We also sought to analyze the relationship between intra-articular lesions and the fracture type, as well as the severity of the fracture.@*Methods@#It was a retrospective cohort study. From April 2014 to December 2015, we have chosen arthroscopy-assisted open reduction and internal fixation (AORIF) for the treatment of unstable acute ankle fractures. All concomitant intra-articular lesions were assessed and documented carefully and prospectively, such as ligament injuries, osteochondral lesions, and tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries. All fractures were classified according to the Lauge-Hansen classification system. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society’s (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot scale was used to assess post-operative function. Statistical comparisons between the intra-articular lesions, the fracture type, and the severity of the presenting fracture were performed using a Chi-squared analysis.@*Results@#Data of 36 patients were analyzed in the study, including 23 supination-type fractures and 13 pronation-type fractures. The incidence of tibiofibular syndesmosis injuries, chondral lesions, and loose bodies were 92%, 72%, and 39%, respectively. Avulsion fractures of the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis were more commonly found in supination-type fractures than pronation-type fracture (45% vs. 15%, χ2 = 5.78, P = 0.02), which would cause mechanical blocking in the anterior portion of the ankle. On the contrary, chondral lesions were more commonly found in the more severe fractures than mild fractures (86% vs. 53%, χ2 = 4.57, P = 0.03). A mean 41.7 months (range, 33.0–51.0 months) of follow-up was achieved. A mean AOFAS’s ankle-hindfoot scale was 96.9, and 97.2% of the patients were satisfied with the procedure.@*Conclusions@#Acute ankle fractures have a high incidence of concomitant intra-articular lesions. Avulsion fractures of the anterior tibiofibular syndesmosis are more commonly found in supination-type fractures. Chondral lesions are related to the severity of the fractures, but not with the classification of the fractures. AORIF can be one reliable solution in dealing with the associated injuries seen with acute ankle fractures.

Anticancer Effect and Molecular Docking Mechanism of 24-OH-panaxadiol / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of ginsenoside 20(S),25-epoxydammarane-3β,12β,24α-triol (24-OH-panaxadiol,24-OH-PD) on inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells, and explore its mechanism of action. Method:The inhibitory effect of 24-OH-PD (12.5,25,50,100 mg·L-1) on proliferation of CCRF-CEM, M14, MD-MBA-231 and Jeko-1 cells with different treatment periods (24, 48,72 h) was evaluated by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT)assay and CellTiter Glo test, and the results were then compared with 20(R)-Rg3 and 20(S)-Rh2.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis caused by 24-OH-PD. Besides, the potential anticancer mechanism was studied by docking analysis with 40 cancer related proteins and 24-OH-PD by using drug design platform Schrodinger Maestro 6.7 Software. Result:24-OH-PD inhibited the proliferation of all the 4 cancer cell lines significantly in a time and dosage dependent manner. The IC50 value of 24-OH-PD on CCRF-CEM,Jeko-1,M14,and MD-MBA-231 cell lines was 25.36, 39.29, 21.74, and 19.35 mg·L-1, respectively, similar to 20(S)-Rh2 (IC50 23.35, 65.79, 18.95, 19.67 mg·L-1) and much better than 20(R)-Rg3 (only effective for Jeko-1 cells, IC50 49.5 mg·L-1). Annexin V/PI double staining experiment showed that 24-OH-PD could also induce apoptosis of the 4 kinds of cancer cells (PConclusion:24-OH-PD could inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis for CCRF-CEM, M14, MD-MBA-231 and Jeko-1 cell lines, which may through directly acting on Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and other proteins.

Varying width ratio patterns of posterior hard palate cleft to posterior maxillary tuberosity plane in cleft palate / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The varying width ratio patterns of posterior hard palate cleft to posterior maxillary tuberosity plane and their relationship with growth and development were studied in specific-age patients with simple cleft palate before surgery to provide a reference for evaluating operation difficulty and predetermining operative period.@*METHODS@#A total of 581 patients with simple cleft palate who received surgical treatment and are aged 8 months to 38 years participated in this study. All patients were categorized into seven groups based on age at preoperative measurement. The widths of posterior maxillary tuberosity plane and hard palate cleft were selected from the preoperative direct measurements. The relative width ratio of the hard palate to posterior maxillary tuberosity plane in each patient was used to objectively reflect the relative width of cleft palate.@*RESULTS@#For patients with simple cleft palate, the widths of posterior maxillary tuberosity plane and hard palate showed remarkably increasing trends.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The transverse proportion of cleft palate fissure in the upper mandible increases statistically with age, suggesting the need for complex operation.

Analysis of Clinical Blood Use in Emergency Blood Loss Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the blood transfusion data of emergency hemorrhage patients, so as to provide the basis for improving the quality of emergency blood transfusion and guiding clinic rational blood transfusion.@*METHODS@#one thousand emergency blood loss patients once transfused RBC suspension were collected by Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study-III internationals Site range from November 2012 to November 2015. The clinical data including age, sex, clinical diagnosis etc were analyzed retrospectively. According to the quantity of blood transfusion the 1 000 patients were divided into 3 groups: low transfusion volume group(834),moderate transfusion volume group(116) and high transfusion volume group(50), difference was compared among the 3 groups，the transfusion predicting index and risk factor were analyzed by unvariate and multivoriate analyses using SPSS 23.0 software.@*RESULTS@#High volume transfusion group was different from moderate and low volume transfusion in sex, pathogenesis, systolic pressure, hemoglobin level, with or without surgical operation, infusion volume of blood products, the retention time of ICU, total hospitalzed stay and mortality(P＜0.05), but there were no differences in age, respiration frequency, temperature before transfusion and creatinine level. The multivarate analysis showed that with or without surgical operation(OR=7.515，95% CI: 3.289-17.174, P=0.000), bleeding volume in surgery(OR=2.626, 95% CI: 1.428-4.828, P=0.043), the amount of transfused red blood cells(OR=2.574, 95% CI: 1.306-5.073, P=0.015), plasma transfusion or no(OR=2.118, 95% CI: 1.184-3.789, P=0.011), cryoprecipitate transfusion or no(OR=5.296, 95% CI: 2.164-12.960, P=0.000) were the independent risk factors for death resulted from emergency blood loss.@*CONCLUSION@#The probability of massive transfusion in the trauma patients is higher，and the massive transfusion associates with increased mortality in the emergency blood loss patients. Surgery operation, bleeding volume in operation, amount of transfused red blood cells, plasma transfusion and cryoprecipitate transfusion may predict the mortality of patients with blood transfusion.